Combine barley and salt in a pot and cover with water, at least 2 cups. Bring to a boil, reduce to a simmer, and let cook until tender; 45-50 minutes, adding more water if need be to keep barley cooking. Pour cooked barley into a colander and run under cold water.
While barley cooks, preheat oven to 425˚.
Pit cherries and place in a roasting pan. Bake until juice have released and beginning to slightly caramelize, 15-20 minutes.
Once barley and cherries are done, toss with lettuce, goat cheese, and pistachios. Whisk or shake together olive oil, balsamic vinegar, and honey; pour over salad and serve.
Notes
*If you don't own a cherry pitter- an simple way to pit the cherries is to place bottom side down on a bottle and poke pit out with a chopstick or something similar in size.